GLOSSARY
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F
FABRIC
A general term to describe woven material
(usually cotton) used as a backing for vinyl wallcoverings.
FACE LAYER
Exposed layer of gypsum wallboard in
multiply construction.
FADING
Lightening of the colour of a pigmented
paint following exposure to the effects of light, heat, time, temperature,
chemicals, etc.
FAN PATTERN
Shape of area where atomised paint is
deposited during air or airless spray application.
FAST DRYING
A paint that is ready for recoating in
less than 24 hours.
FAST SOLVENT
Solvent that evaporates rapidly under
the application conditions (ambient temperature).
FAUX FINISHING
A technique for finishing a surface to
look like another material. Faux finishing can make the plain look fancy,
metal look like wood, pine look like oak. It can simulate the appearance
of marble, leather, and parchment, as well as stone finishes, gems,
and fibres.
FEATHERING
Reducing the thickness of the edge of
dry paint film (e.g., the edge of a damaged area) prior to repainting.
FIELD PAINTING
Surface preparation and/or application
of paint to structural steel or other materials at a project site rather
than in a shop.
FILLER
A thick, pigmented composition for filling
the pores or irregularities in a surface prior to application of other
finishes; used to fill open-pore woods such as oak or walnut before
applying paint or varnish.
FILM
A layer or coat of material applied to
a surface.
FILM BUILD
The flow properties of a liquid coating
that determine the film thickness achievable in a single coat without
producing runs, sags, or other film defects.
FILM FORMATION MECHANISM
The nature of the binder and its method
of drying or curing determines the mechanism of film formation. The
most common mechanisms for coatings are oxidation, solvent evaporation,
and polymerisation.
FILM FORMER
A material capable of being applied to
form a continuous dry film.
FILM INTEGRITY
Degree of continuity of coating film.
Coatings with no or very few defects have a high degree of film integrity.
FILM THICKNESS
The wet or dry thickness of a coating
on a substrate.
FILM THICKNESS GAUGE
A tool used to measure the wet or dry
film thickness of a coating.
FINISH COAT
The last coat applied in a painting operation.
A finish coat is formulated specifically for environmental resistance
and appearance.
FIRE-RETARDANT (FIRE-RESISTANT) COATING
A coating that will do one or more of the following:
1. Reduce the flame spread on the substrate over which the coating is applied;
2. Resist ignition of the substrate when exposed to high temperature; or
3. Insulate the substrate and thereby
prolong the time required to reach its ignition, melting, or structural-weakening
temperature.
FIRST LAYER
Base layer of gypsum wallboard attached
to framing members in multiply construction.
FISH EYE
A defect that forms small dimples resembling
fish eyes in a coating film.
FLAKING
Detachment of pieces of coating film,
either from the substrate or from the previously applied coating.
FLAME SPRAYING
The spray application of a coating whereby
metal wire, metallic powder, or thermoplastic powder is melted using
a spray gun with a torch-like flame and then sprayed with compressed
air.
FLAMMABILITY
Measure of the ease of catching fire
and the capability of burning. This word is preferred to the word "inflammability,"
which is sometimes interpreted as not flammable.
FLASHING
The non-uniform appearance of walls or other surfaces on which a coating dries with spotty differences in colour or gloss, usually due to improper sealing of porous areas.
FLASH POINT
The lowest temperature at which a liquid
gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture with the air
near the surface of the liquid or within the container.
FLASH RUSTING
Rusting that occurs on metal within minutes
to a few hours after exposure to moisture.
FLAT APPLICATOR
A rectangular-shaped flat pad with an attached handle that is used to paint shingles, shakes, and other surfaces.
FLAT PAINT
A type of paint having no lustre or gloss
in the dried film.
FLAT VARNISH
Varnish made with reduced gloss by the
addition of finely divided silica or other pigments. Alternately, a
glossy varnished surface can be dulled by rubbing with fine sandpaper,
pumice, or stone.
FLEXIBILITY
The ability of a cured coating to conform
to the movement or deformation of its supporting surface without cracking
or flaking.
FLOATING
The separation of pigments and/or colorants
on a coating’s surface.
FLOATING BUTT JOINT
Placing gypsum drywall panels so that
butt joints occur between framing members.
FLOOR AND DECK ENAMEL
An enamel designed for excellent abrasion
resistance and smooth surfaces. Because it is rarely applied to vertical
surfaces, it is made with maximum flow to insure good levelling.
FLOOR TOPPING
A special coating applied to a concrete
floor to protect it from harsh chemicals, abrasive and mechanical wear,
and other detrimental conditions.
FLORAL STRIPE
Striped wallcovering pattern in which
flower motifs are introduced.
FLORAL
Wallcovering whose designs feature flowers
and foliage, usually in natural colours and not conventionalised.
FLOW AGENT
Compound added to a paint to improve
the flow properties of the coating after application.
FLOW COATING
A coating of paint that is poured or
flowed over an object. Any excess is allowed to drain off and may be
reusable. This procedure is used to coat the interiors of pipes and
small vessels and the exteriors of surfaces inaccessible by other application
methods.
FLOWING VARNISH
A varnish designed to produce a smooth,
lustrous surface without rubbing or polishing.
FLOW-OUT
The degree to which a wet paint film
can flow (level) after application so as to eliminate brush or roller
marks, orange peel from spraying, or other film irregularities and produce
a uniform coating surface on drying.
FLUID TIP
The orifice end of a spray gun in which
the needle is seated. [Master Painter’s Glossary.]
FOIL
Thin, flexible sheets of wallcovering
adhered to a paper or fabric back. Can be printed with clear or opaque
materials to resemble various finishes.
FORCED DRY
Baking the paint between room temperature
and 150ø F to speed the drying process.
FOREIGN MATTER
Insoluble foreign particles such as sand,
lint, dust, and dirt that get mixed with the coating material before,
during, or after application, causing the formation of raised specks
in the dried film.
FORM RELEASE AGENT
Compound such as petroleum oil, wax,
or silicone that is applied to concrete forms to allow easy removal
from poured concrete after it has cured.
FRACTURE
A break in the face paper of gypsum wallboard
that requires identical treatment as joints.
FULL COAT
Application of a coating at the full
specified film thickness designed to achieve a desired effect.
FUNGICIDE
An additive used to enhance a coating’s
ability to resist fungus growth that can cause discolouration and ultimately
decompose the binding medium.
