GLOSSARY
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C
CAKING
Hard settling of pigment from paint in
an unopened container during storage.
CALCIMINE
A water-thinned paint composed essentially
of calcium carbonate or clay, and glue. Sometimes spelled kalsomine.
CATALYST
A reaction promoter. A substance that
induces, alters, or accelerates a chemical reaction. A catalyst is unchanged
by the reaction it creates. In the paint industry, catalysts accelerate
the cure of paint films. A negative catalyst (inhibitor, retarder) slows
down a chemical reaction.
CATALYTIC CURING
Mechanism by which a coating is cross-linked
by the action of a catalyst as opposed to oxidation, etc. Examples of
such a system are two-part epoxies and polyurethane’s.
CATALYZED EPOXY COATING
A coating based on an epoxy resin, e.g.,
epoxy/amine or epoxy/polyamide.
CATHODIC PROTECTION
A technique to reduce the corrosion rate
of a metal surface by making it a cathode of an electrochemical cell.
CAULK
Flexible (semi-drying or slow-drying)
compound used to seal joints or fill crevices around windows, chimneys,
etc., before or after painting.
CAULKING COMPOUND
Soft, plastic material, consisting of
pigment and vehicle, used for sealing joints in buildings and other
structures where normal structural movement may occur.
CEILING JOIST
Wood or metal horizontal framing member
used for hanging drywall panels on a ceiling.
CEMENT-BASED PAINT
A paint composed of portland cement, lime, pigment, and other modifying ingredients. It is sold as dry powder and mixed with water for application.
CENTRIFUGAL BLAST CLEANING
A blast cleaning process (usually enclosed)
that uses rotating, motor-driven, bladed wheels to hurl abrasive (usually
steel shot, steel grit, or a shot/grit mixture) at the surface being
cleaned.
CFM (CUBIC FEET PER MINUTE)
A measurement of compressed air flow.
CHAIR RAIL
A wooden moulding strip placed on the
walls of a room at chair-back height as protection against damage when
chairs are positioned against the walls.
CHALKING
Formation of a friable powder on the
surface of a paint film because of the disintegration of the binding
medium due to weathering.
CHALKING RESISTANCE
The ability of a pigmented coating to
resist chalking.
CHEMICAL STRIPPING
The use of paint remover or chemical
stripping material to soften existing paint for removal by scraping
and/or flushing.
CHINTZ PAPER
In wallcovering, a paper reproducing
a printed cotton drapery material. It usually is printed in brightly
coloured designs.
CHIPPING
Cleaning steel by removing paint or rust
and scale, using a special "chipping" hammer.
CHIPPING HAMMER
A hand tool used to remove layers of
loose rust, loose paint, and loose mill scale from steel surfaces.
CHIPPING RESISTANCE
The ability of a coating or layers of
coatings to resist total or partial removal, usually in small pieces,
resulting from impact by hard objects or from wear during service.
CHLORINATED RUBBER RESIN
Synthetic resin made by chlorinating
rubber or other polymers under specified conditions. Unlike rubber,
the resulting product is readily soluble and yields solutions of low
viscosity.
CHLORINATED SOLVENT
Powerful organic solvent that contains
chlorine atoms as part of the molecular structure.
CHROMA
Intensity or depth of colour. The quality
of a colour that relates to its concentration.
CLEAR COATING
A transparent protective and/or decorative
film; generally the final coat of sealer applied to automotive finishes.
CLOTH RAG AND WIPER
Material used with water, detergent,
or solvent before any other method of surface preparation to remove
dirt, grease, oil, mud, markings, and other washable contaminants from
all types of surfaces.
CLOSE-GRAIN WOOD
Wood having narrow annual growth rings.
This results in small, closely spaced pores and fibres (e.g. birch,
maple, etc.).
CLOSED ABRASIVE BLAST CLEANING
Compressed air or centrifugal blast cleaning done within a localized containment or enclosure that surrounds the abrasive stream. The enclosure is held to the surface to create a seal and is equipped with a vacuum to remove spent abrasive and debris simultaneously with the blasting operation.
COAL TAR
A black or dark brown, solid or semisolid,
cementitious material that gradually liquefies when heated.
COAL TAR EPOXY COATING
Coating with both coal tar and epoxy
resin in the binder orvehicle.
COAL TAR URETHANE COATING
Coating with both coal tar and polyurethane
resin in the binder or vehicle.
COALESCENCE
The mechanism of film formation that
occurs when water evaporates from an emulsion or latex coating and permits
contact and fusion of adjacent emulsion or latex particles; joining
of particles into a film as the water evaporates.
COALESCING SOLVENT (OR AGENT)
A solvent with a high boiling point that
aids in film formation by temporarily softening the vehicle when it
is added to a latex or emulsion coating. The coalescing solvent softens
and melds the individual pigmented resin particles during the final
stages of drying, enabling a relatively continuous coating film to be
formed.
COATED ABRASIVE
Abrasive material bonded to a backing
material.
COATING
Generic term for paint, lacquer, enamel,
etc.
COATING SYSTEM
A protective film consisting of one or
more coats.
COATING WORK
An all-inclusive term to define operations
required to accomplish a complete coating job; construed to include
materials, equipment, labour, preparation of surfaces, control of ambient
conditions, application of coating systems, and inspection.
COBWEBBING
Production of fine filaments (cobwebs)
instead of the normal atomized particles during the spray application
of a coating.
COHESION
The propensity of a substance to adhere
to itself. The force holding a substance together.
COLD CRACKING
The crazing and cracking of a coating
or wallcovering at cold temperatures or after repeated cycling between
room temperature and cold temperatures.
COLOUR
A term used variously to designate the
colours of the spectrum.
COLOURANT
Concentrated colour (dyes or pigments)
that can be added to paints to make specific colours.
COLOUR CHIP
A colour sample of paint applied to a
small card.
COLOURFASTNESS
The ability of a film of paint or varnish
to show little change in original colour after being exposed to the
weather.
COLOUR PIGMENT
An inorganic or organic pigment that
provides colour to a paint.
COLOUR RETENTION
The ability of paint to keep its original
colour. Major threats to colour retention are exposure to ultraviolet
radiation and abrasion by weather or repeated cleaning.
COLOUR RUN
The amount of rolls of wallcovering produced
at any one time. A repeat run at another time probably will not exactly
match the colours of the original run so it is given another run number.
COMMERCIAL BLAST CLEANING
Moderate grade of blast cleaning.
COMPANION WALLCOVERING
A set of two wallcoverings usually designed
and coloured for use in the decoration of the same or adjoining rooms.
The one may consist of a large bold pattern, the other a stripe or other
semi-plain effect, both containing the same scheme of colouring; sometimes
referred to as ensembles.
COMPATIBLE
Paints are compatible when they are capable
of being used together without detrimental effects.
COMPLEMENTARY COLOURS
Two contrasting or opposite colours on
the colour wheel that combine the use of the three primary colours.
COMPLIANCE COATING
A coating whose volatile organic compound
content does not exceed that allowed by regulation.
CONCRETE
An homogeneous mixture of portland cement,
aggregates, and water that may contain admixtures.
CONSOLIDANT
A liquid wood epoxy that reinforces or
restores damaged or disintegrated wood.
CONSTRUCTION ADHESIVE
An adhesive used to form a strong bond
between drywall panels and framing and to reduce the number of fasteners
needed.
CONTAINMENT
A method to limit dust, debris, paint
chips, paint dust, spent abrasives, and over-spray from contaminating
the environment.
CONTAINMENT SYSTEM
A system that includes the containment
structure, ventilation system, and, in some cases, dust collection equipment.
COPAL
A natural resinous substance exuded from
various tropical plants. Copals are collected from living trees and
dug from ground deposits.
CORE BOARD
A gypsum wallboard panel usually 1 inch
thick covered with gray liner paper, designed to receive one or more
successive layers of regular gypsum wallboard.
CORNER BEAD
An angled metal strip with a slight protrusion,
or bead, along the outside corner. The strip fits over the drywall corner
where it is nailed into place and finished with joint compound.
CORNICE HOOK
A steel device shaped like the top of
a large question mark that hooks to a roof, parapet, or other structural
support. Cornice hooks are used for rigging scaffolding.
CORRELATED
Different types of merchandise systematically
related in colour and design, as wallcovering with fabric or a series
of wallcoverings designed to be used together.
CORROSION
Deterioration of metal, concrete, or
other materials by chemical or electrochemical reaction resulting from
exposure to weather, oxygen, moisture, chemicals, or other agents in
the environment in which it is placed.
CORROSION-INHIBITIVE PIGMENT
A pigment that when made into a paint
has the property of reducing the rate of corrosion of the substrate
to which it is applied.
COUPLINGS, AIR HOSE
Devices used to join hoses used in abrasive
blasting.
COVE CEILING
A ceiling that is rounded at the ceiling
angle.
COVERAGE
Ambiguous term used in some instances
to refer to "hiding power" and in other cases to mean "spreading
rate."
CRACKING
In protective coatings, the formation
of breaks in a coating film that extend through to the underlying surface.
More generally, the splitting of a dry paint film, usually as a result
of aging or using a paint that, because of its composition, becomes
hard and brittle.
CRACKING RESISTANCE
The ability to resist cracks that extend
through at least one coat of paint.
CRACKLE
The formation of pronounced fissures
in the topcoat of finishing material, showing the undercoat through
the cracks; caused by the topcoat drying hard before the undercoat is
thoroughly dry; very similar to alligatoring.
CRACKLE FINISH
A finish in which alligatoring is produced
by applying a topcoat designed to shrink and crack and expose a more
flexible, slow-drying undercoat, usually of a different colour.
CRATERING
The formation of small, round depressions
that resemble meteor craters in a coating film but that do not expose
the previous coat or the substrate.
CRAWLING
A defect in which a wet coating recedes
or "crawls" from part of the surface, leaving an uneven and
sometimes uncoated area shortly after application.
CRAZING
The formation of a crisscross pattern
of minute cracks on the surface of a coating film.
CREVICE CORROSION
Corrosion that occurs within or adjacent
to a crevice formed by contact with two pieces of the same metal or
another metal or with a non-metallic material.
CREOSOTE
A liquid coating made from coal tar once
used as a wood preservative. It has been banned for consumer use because
of potential health risks.
CROCKING
Removal of colour upon abrasion or rubbing.
Staining of a white cloth by rubbing lightly over a coloured surface.
CROCKING RESISTANCE
The ability of wallcovering or coating not to transfer colour when rubbed or abraded.
CROSS-LINKING
A particular method by which chemicals
unite to form polymer films.
CROSS-SPRAY APPLICATION
A two-pass spray operation where an area
first is covered by a series of parallel spray passes in one direction;
then, while the coating is still wet, the area is covered again with
a second series of parallel spray passes made at a right angle to the
first.
CROW’S FOOTING
A film defect in which small wrinkles
occur in a pattern resembling that of a crow’s foot.
CURING
The process of changing the properties
of a paint from its liquid state into a final, more stable, solid, protective
film by chemical reaction with oxygen, moisture, or chemical additives,
or by application of heat or radiation.
CURING AGENT
An additive, sometimes called a hardener
or promoter, that helps a coating film cure.
CURING COMPOUND
Waxy material applied to concrete to
prevent moisture from evaporating rapidly during the curing process.
CUTTING IN
The process of painting corners and the
perimeter of windows and doors with a brush prior to roller application
of paint to the walls and ceiling; an operation calling for most careful
workmanship to keep a clean edge, such as "cutting in" on
a window sash with a sash tool.
